Creating music on Linux is still difficult. I am happy to see programs such as LMMS which has nice design and community to potentially make it THE open-source music tool. It's not there yet, but there is already an impressive sample database and synthesizer collection and for certain genres it is already fully usable. Thumbs up.
Very friendly distro I myself started with and have been using for several years. I installed it for my parents as a replacement for Windows and they couldn't be happier. It's easy to get, install, get support for and has a good package manager. I eventually abandoned Ubuntu when the Unity desktop environment came about, but hey, there are Ubuntu flavours with different GUIs if you want to stick with it.
Another masterpiece from Linus Torvalds. It's the one and only version control system for me, and from the success of GitHub I can see I'm not alone. It takes some time to learn, but pushes the developer to the next level with possibilities to get back to any version, view the logs, diffs, branches. Never fear to experiment with your code again, git has got your back.
I've been using it for years, Bash is indeed a super-useful piece of software. I'm a bit ashamed to say that even after writing a number of scripts I am still not fluent in the language and always have to Google the syntax - it's a bit unintuitive - the only reason I left out one star in the rating.
For non-interactive video editing, ffmpeg is the best thing this world has ever seen. It can convert almost anything to anything, including audio. I was blown away by the number of advanced effects and features it offers, such as the new frame interpolation effect that can convert a video to higher FPS! It's really usable for scripting, for example if you need to make a video out of pictures, or vice versa. I've used it many times to fix dead pixels in my videos. I recommend to anyone who isn't afraid of the command line.
This language somehow manages to achieve seemingly opposite things: it's simple, great for beginners, yet not limiting and so equally useful to professionals. It's a scripting language, but can offer good performance as well. I've used it for anything from OS and web scripting to writing a 3D game. Big thumbs up.